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الرسالة: [QUOTE="Molka Molkan, post: 2886109, member: 79186"] [COLOR="Black"][FONT="Times New Roman"][SIZE="5"][B][COLOR=Black][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][LEFT][LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][COLOR=Black] [/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][COLOR=Black][FONT=Arial]KEDAR.[/FONT] 1. Son of Ishmael, Gen. 25:13; 1 Chr. 1:29. 2. [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]A nomadic clan of the Ishmaelites[/COLOR][/SIZE], Psa. 120:5; Song 1:4; Isa. 21:16; 42:11; 60:7; Jer. 49:28. Flocks of, Isa. 60:7; Jer. 49:28. Princes and commerce of, Ezek. 27:21.[/COLOR][/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][COLOR=Black]Swanson, J., & Nave, O. (1994). [I]New Nave's[/I]. Oak Harbor: Logos Research Systems. [/COLOR]KEDAR (PERSON) [Heb [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qēdār [/FONT][/I][FONT=Charis SIL]([/FONT][FONT=SBL Hebrew]קֵדָר[/FONT][FONT=Charis SIL])[/FONT]]. The second son of Ishmael (Gen 25:13; 1 Chr 1:29). The “sons of Ishmael” [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]constituted a group of [/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]N[/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=7][COLOR=Red] Arabian tribes [/COLOR][/SIZE]who flourished from the 8th through the 4th centuries b.c. Kedar, attested from 738 b.c. well into the Hellenistic period, was the most powerful among them (Eph’al 1982: 223–27; Knauf 1989: 66, 96–108). [/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Heb Hebrew; Epistle to the Hebrews[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]N north(ern)[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]b.c. before Christ[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Freedman, D. N. (1996, c1992). [I]The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary[/I] (4:9). New York: Doubleday.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Kedar.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]1. Second son of Ishmael, Abraham’s son (Gn 25:13; 1 Chr 1:29).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]2. [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]Tribe[/COLOR][/SIZE][SIZE=7][COLOR=Red] or area[/COLOR][/SIZE] appearing mainly in the prophetic writings from Solomon to the exile. In Isaiah’s prophecy against Arabia (Is 21:13–17) Kedar is mentioned twice (vv 16, 17). Along with Arabia, Dedan, and Tema, the Kerarites are threatened with destruction. The “pomp” attributed to them in verse 16 indicates some degree of affluence, and the militaristic tone of verse 17 points to the fact that they were a warring people (see also Ez 27:21). In Jeremiah 49:28 Kedar is linked with Hazor as victims of Nebuchadnezzar’s conquests. Although there is no extrabiblical record of Nebuchadnezzar’s march on Kedar, Ashurbanipal, the king of Assyria, does mention the conquest of Kedar. That would have been about 650 b.c., or a half a century earlier than the Babylonian conquest. Apart from Ashurbanipal’s account, the only other ancient extrabiblical reference to Kedar is found on a silver bowl offered to the Arabian goddess [I][FONT=Charis SIL]Han–‘ilat[/FONT][/I] in the Egyptian Delta. There the **** is simply “Cain, son of Geshem, king of Kedar,” and the date is firmly fixed in the 5th century b.c. Geshem is very likely the enemy of Nehemiah (2:19; 6:1–6).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]The picture the Bible gives of Kedar is that of a desert nomadic people descended from Ishmael. They were not Yahwists, but are included in the future kingdom of God (cf. Is 42:11; 60:7). Their desert environment limited their work to shepherding and trading. Because of unpredictable water supplies in the desert they were constantly moving—a way of life best handled with tents rather than permanent houses (cf. Ps 120:5; Sg 1:5). For this reason archaeologists have found no site ****d Kedar. All we can surmise is that the area of Kedar lay to the east and slightly to the south of Israel in what is today the southern part of Jordan. The people of Kedar presumably died out or were assimilated into the surrounding nations.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]vv verse ([I]pl.[/I] vv)[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]cf. compare[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Elwell, W. A., & Beitzel, B. J. (1988). [I]Baker encyclopedia of the Bible[/I]. Map on lining papers. (1258). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Book House. [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Kedar — dark-skinned, the second son of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13). [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]It is the **** for the nomadic tribes of Arabs, [/COLOR][/SIZE]the Bedouins generally (Isa. 21:16; 42:11; 60:7; Jer. 2:10; Ezek. 27:21), who dwelt in the north-west of Arabia. They lived in black hair-tents (Cant. 1:5). To “dwell in the tents of Kedar” was to be cut off from the worship of the true God (Ps. 120:5). The Kedarites suffered at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. 49:28, 29). [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Easton, M. (1996, c1897). [I]Easton's Bible dictionary[/I]. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Kedar (Heb. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qēḏār[/FONT][/I])[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]The second son of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13 = 1 Chr. 1:29). Elsewhere in the OT this term [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]refers to his descendants[/COLOR][/SIZE] (the Kedarites), either specifically to the most prominent of the north Arabian “sons of Ishmael” or [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]generally and collectively to Arabic nomads or Bedouin.[/COLOR][/SIZE] In Ps. 120:5 the “tents of Kedar” are equated with peace-hating Meshech, which is probably not a region of Asia Minor (as in Gen. 10:2) but a Kedarite subgroup. Cant. 1:5 pictures them as dark skinned (cf. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qāḏar, [/FONT][/I]“to be black”), and some repoint MT “Solomon” here to “Shalmah,” a tribe that lived south of the Nabateans in the 3rd century b.c. Isaiah describes them as (1) warriors and archers whose glory will end (Isa. 21:16–17; some see a reference to Nabonidus’ 552 campaign; but not Jer. 49:28–29, concerned with Nebuchadnezzar’s attack on Arabs [“Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor”] S of Damascus in 599/98); (2) inhabitants of desert villages (Isa. 42:11; probably temporary, fortified enclosures); and (3) poetically paired with sheep-breeders of Nebaioth (60:7; perhaps a reference to the Nabateans of north Arabia; cf. Gen. 25:13; also Ezek. 27:21, where the “princes of Kedar” are paired with the Arabians as sheep/goat-traders with the Phoenicians). Assyrian in******ions as well **** them along with the Arabs and Nebaioth. Finally, the poetry of Jer. 2:10 uses a merism to antithetically parallel Kedar with the Kittim (“Cypriots/Greeks”) as representatives, respectively, of the East and West.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Heb. Hebrew[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]OT Old Testament[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]MT Masoretic ****[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Freedman, D. N., Myers, A. C., & Beck, A. B. (2000). [I]Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible[/I] (761). Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans "This outstanding source is the place to find definitions, personal ****s and their derivation, places, and concepts from the Bible. Six hundred leading scholars from a wide spectrum of theological perspectives have come together to provide almost 5,000 articles that reflect current biblical scholarship, archaeological discoveries, trends, and issues. A must for every library."--"Outstanding Reference Sources," American Libraries, May 2002.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]KEDAR [[FONT=Charis SIL]kēˊdər[/FONT]] (Heb. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qēḏār[/FONT][/I] “dark” or “mighty”).† The second son of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13 par. 1 Chr. 1:29) and the eponymous ancestor of the Kedarites (Isa. 21:17; 60:7). At some point the **** became virtually synonymous with the gentilic “Arab” (e.g., Ezek. 27:21). Since at least part of the time the Arabs lived in tents made of black goats’ hair (Cant. 1:5; cf. Ps. 120:5), the designation “sons of Kedar” or “sons of the dark” could have derived from their association with these tents. [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]The Kedarites were nomads in the Syroarabian desert [/COLOR][/SIZE](cf. Gen. 25:18; Isa. 21:13–17; Ezek. 27:21) whose primary weapons were the bow and arrow. They probably followed the seasonal pastures with their flocks and wintered in more permanent (though unwalled) villages (Isa. 42:11; Jer. 49:28–33). Anthropological models suggest a symbiotic relationship between the Kedarites and their environment. Mercenary service for local kings could be exchanged for winter pasture. The sheep would eat the stubble of the grain and simultaneously fertilize the fields. Moreover, wool, leather goods, and other materials related to the herd could be traded for products of the more settled villages: pottery, ****l goods, and grain [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]The Kedarites (or Arabs) were a powerful economic and military force in the east, but according to Isaiah their glory would be short-lived (Isa. 21:16–17). Jeremiah predicted their demise at the hands of Nebuchadnezzar (Jer. 49:28), a fate confirmed by the Babylonian historian Berossus (Josephus [I][/I][I]Ap.[/I][I][/I] i.19). [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]These people are mentioned in various extrabiblical sources. The Assyrian annals record attempts by Sennacherib and Assurbanipal to subdue the Kedarites (Akk. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]Qidri[/FONT][/I]). A fifth-century Aramaic stele discovered at Tell el-Maskhuta in Egypt also refers to Kedar, calling Geshem the Arab (cf. Neh. 2:19; 6:1–2, 6) the “king of Kedar.”[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Heb. Hebrew[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]† Major revision[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]par. parallel[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]cf. compare, see[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]Ap. [/I][I]Contra Apionem[/I][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Akk. Akkadian[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Myers, A. C. (1987). [I]The Eerdmans Bible dictionary[/I]. Rev., augm. translation of: Bijbelse encyclopedie. Rev. ed. 1975. (618). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][FONT=Arial]Kedar[/FONT] ([FONT=Charis SIL]keeʹduhr[/FONT]; Heb., ‘dark’), [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]a confederation of Arab tribes based in the north Arabian desert.[/COLOR][/SIZE] In Gen. 25:13 and 1 Chron. 1:29 Kedar is one of the twelve sons of Ishmael. The Kedarites were a major force from the late eighth century b.c. until the rise of the Nabateans in the fourth century b.c. and are frequently mentioned in Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian sources. They raided lands on their eastern and western borders and controlled the eastern trade route from Arabia to the Fertile Crescent. The later extent of their influence is illustrated by a silver bowl dated to the fifth century b.c. from modern Tell el-Maskhuta in the eastern Nile delta dedicated to the goddess Han-Ilat by ‘Qaynu the son of Gashmu the king of Kedar’; this Gashmu is the same as ‘Geshem the Arab’ of Neh. 2:19 and 6:1. [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]In the Bible the military might of the Kedarites is indicated by reference to their archers and warriors (Isa. 21:16-17). Thus, although they dwelt in the eastern desert in dark tents (Isa. 42:11; Jer. 2:10; 49:28; Ps. 120:5; Song of Sol. 1:5) and were herders (Isa. 60:7; Jer. 49:29), their ‘princes’ traded with Tyre, which lay on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea far to the north and east (Ezek. 27:21). Their being singled out in Isaiah and Jeremiah as objects of oracles shows their importance and corresponds to what we know of them from nonbiblical sources. [/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Heb. Hebrew[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Achtemeier, P. J., Harper & Row, P., & Society of Biblical Literature. (1985). [I]Harper's Bible dictionary[/I]. Includes index. (1st ed.) (523). San Francisco: Harper & Row.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]KEDAR ([FONT=Charis SIL]Kēʹ dȧr[/FONT]) Personal **** meaning “mighty” or “swarthy” or “black.” The second son of Ishmael and a grandson of Abraham (Gen. 25:13; 1 Chron. 1:29). The **** occurs later in the Bible presumably as a [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]reference to a tribe that took its **** from Kedar[/COLOR][/SIZE]. Little concrete information is known about the group, however. Apparently the descendants of Kedar occupied the area south of Palestine and east of Egypt (Gen. 25:18). They may best be described as nomadic, living in tents (Ps. 120:5; Song 1:5) and raising sheep and goats (Isa. 60:7; Jer. 49:28–29, 32), as well as camels, which they sold as far away as Tyre (Ezek. 27:21).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]The Kedarites were led by princes (Ezek. 27:21) and were famous for their warriors, particularly their archers (Isa. 21:17). They evidently were of some importance during the time of Isaiah (Isa. 21:16)[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Brand, C., Draper, C., England, A., Bond, S., Clendenen, E. R., Butler, T. C., & Latta, B. (2003). [I]Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary[/I] (977). Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]KEDAR [KEE dur] — the **** of a man and [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]a tribe in the Old Testament[/COLOR][/SIZE]:[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]1. The second son of Ishmael (Gen. 25:13).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]2. The tribe that sprang from Kedar, as well as the territory inhabited by this tribe in the northern Arabian desert (Is. 21:16–17).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Youngblood, R. F., Bruce, F. F., Harrison, R. K., & Thomas Nelson Publishers. (1995). [I]Nelson's new illustrated Bible dictionary[/I]. Rev. ed. of: Nelson's illustrated Bible dictionary.; Includes index. Nashville: T. Nelson.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]KEDAR (Heb. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qēḏār[/FONT][/I], probably ‘black’, ‘swarthy’). 1. A son of Ishmael (Gn. 25:13; 1 Ch. 1:29), forebear of like-****d tribe.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]2. [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]Nomadic tribesfolk of the Syro-Arabian desert from Palestine to Mesopotamia. [/COLOR][/SIZE]In 8th century bc, known in S Babylonia (I. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]Eph‘al,[/FONT][/I] [I]JAOS[/I] 94, 1974, p. 112), Isaiah prophesying their downfall (Is. 21:16-17). They developed ‘villages’ (Is. 42:11), possibly simple encampments (H. M. Orlinsky, [I]JAOS[/I] 59, 1939, pp. 22ff.), living in black tents (Ct. 1:5). As keepers of large flocks (Is. 60:7), they traded over to Tyre (Ezk. 27:21). Geographically, Kittim (Cyprus) W in the Mediterranean and Kedar E into the desert were like opposite poles (Je. 2:10). Dwelling with the Kedarites was like a barbaric exile to one psalmist (Ps. 120:5).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Alongside Arabian tribes, Nebaioth, [I]etc.[/I], Kedarites clashed with Ashurbanipal in the 7th century bc (M. Weippert, [I]Welt des Orients[/I] 7, 1973-74, p. 67). Likewise they suffered attack by Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon in 599 bc ([I]cf.[/I] D. J. Wiseman, [I]Chronicles of Chaldaean Kings[/I], 1956, p. 32), as announced by Jeremiah (Je. 49:28). By the Persian period, a regular succession of kings of Kedar controlled a realm astride the vital land-route from Palestine to Egypt, regarded as its guardians by the Persian emperors. Such was *Geshem (Gashmu)—opponent of Nehemiah (Ne. 6:1-2, 6)—whose son Qaynu is entitled ‘King of Kedar’ on a silver bowl from a shrine in the Egyp. E Delta. On this and these kings, see I. Rabinowitz, [I]JNES[/I] 15, 1956, pp. 1-9, pl. 7; W. J. Dumbrell, [I]BASOR[/I] 203, 1971, pp. 33-44; A. Lemaire, [I]RB[/I] 81, 1974, pp. 63-72.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Heb. Hebrew[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]bc before Christ[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]S South, southern[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]JAOS [/I][I]Journal of the American Oriental Society[/I][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]ff. and the following (verses, [I]etc.[/I])[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]W West, western[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]E East, eastern; Elohist[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]cf. [/I][I]confer[/I] (Lat.), compare[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Egyp. Egyptian[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]JNES [/I][I]Journal of Near Eastern Studies[/I][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]pl. plate (illustration)[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]BASOR [/I][I]Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research[/I][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]RB [/I][I]Revue Biblique[/I][/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Wood, D. R. W., & Marshall, I. H. (1996). [I]New Bible dictionary[/I] (3rd ed.) (642). Leicester, England; Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]KEDAR ([FONT=Charis SIL]kēʾdêr[/FONT], Heb. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]kēdhār[/FONT][/I], probably either [I]mighty[/I] or [I]dark[/I]). 1. One of the twelve sons of Ishmael, son of Abraham by Hagar (Gen 25:13). These sons were called “tribal rulers.” They helped originate the Arab peoples.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]2. [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]The tribe that descended from Kedar and their territory. They were nomads for the most part[/COLOR][/SIZE] (Ps 120:5; Song of Songs 1:5), raising sheep (Isa 60:7) but sometimes intruding into villages (42:11). The “doom of Kedar,” declared in Jeremiah 49:28–33, tells us something of their desert civilization and also of their terror when they learned that Nebuchadnezzar was coming against them. Their territory was in the northern part of the Arabian Desert.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Douglas, J., & Tenney, M. C. (1987). [I]New International Bible Dictionary[/I]. Originally published as: The Zondervan pictorial Bible dictionary. 1963. (562). Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]KE´DAR ([FONT=Charis SIL]kēʹder[/FONT]; Heb. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qādar,[/FONT][/I] “to be dark,” but cf. Arab. [I][FONT=Charis SIL]qadara,[/FONT][/I] “to be able, mighty”).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]1. The second son of Ishmael and father of the tribe bearing his **** (Gen. 25:13; 1 Chron. 1:29). Little is known of Kedar, but his descendants are frequently mentioned (see no. 2).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]2. [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]Kedar, in the stricter sense, was a nomadic tribe of Ishmaelites that wandered as far as the Elanitic gulf.[/COLOR][/SIZE] But this term is usually used in ******ure as the collective **** of the Arab tribes (Bedouin) in general (Song of Sol. 1:5; Isa. 21:16–17; 42:11; 60:7; Jer. 2:10; 49:28; Ezek. 27:21). In Ps. 120:5 Kedar and Meshech represent uncivilized tribes.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Unger, M. F., Harrison, R. K., Vos, H. F., Barber, C. J., & Unger, M. F. (1988). [I]The new Unger's Bible dictionary[/I]. Revision of: Unger's Bible dictionary. 3rd ed. c1966. (Rev. and updated ed.). Chicago: Moody Press.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Ke´dar ([I]dark-skinned[/I]), the second in order of the sons of Ishmael, Gen. 25:13; 1 Chron. 1:29, and [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]the **** of a great tribe of Arabs settled on the northwest of the peninsula and on the confines of Palestine.[/COLOR][/SIZE] The “glory of Kedar” is recorded by the prophet Isaiah, Isa. 21:13-17, in the burden upon Arabia; and its importance may also be inferred from the “princes of Kedar” mentioned by Ezekiel, Ezek. 27:21, as well as the pastoral character of the tribe. They appear also to have been, like the wandering tribes of the present day, “archers” and “mighty men.” Isa. 21:17; comp. Ps. 120:5. That they also settled in villages or towns we find from Isaiah. Isa. 42:11. The tribe seems to have been one of the most conspicuous of all the Ishmaelite tribes, and hence the rabbins call the Arabians universally by this ****.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Smith, W. (1997). [I]Smith's Bible dictionary[/I]. Nashville: Thomas Nelson.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]Kedar. [I]Kee[/I]–dar.[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]1. Abraham’s grandson; son of Ishmael (Genesis 25:13).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [LEFT][FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5]2. [SIZE=7][COLOR=Red]A tribe that descended from Kedar and their land. [/COLOR][/SIZE]Nebuchadnezzar attacked them in the Arabian Desert (Jeremiah 49:28–33).[/SIZE][/FONT][/LEFT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5][I]Standard Bible Dictionary[/I]. 2006. Cincinnati: Standard Publishing.[/SIZE][/FONT] [FONT=Times New Roman][SIZE=5] [/SIZE][/FONT] [RIGHT]أظن يعني عسيل ومكوى رايح جاي زي ما تحب ! :) هو ببساطة عايز يقول " ان " قريش " لا تعني " قبيلة قريش " !! ولا عزاء للعقلاء ! :) المهم ، القواميس قالت اية ؟ قيدار اية ؟ قبيلة من قبائل العرب .. يبقى لما يتقل قيدار يبقى معناها اية ؟ ايوة قول قول ، شطووووور خالص ، يبقى معناها ، قبيلة قيدار ،،، وطبعا انت تعرف ان من علمك حرفا صرت له عبدا ، ، بس الصراحة انا مش عايز عبيد بالمستوى ده وكمان مافيش عبيد إلا في الجاهلية صح ؟ بس بالنسبة لك انت لسة في الجاهلية .. عشان كدة ينفع معاك الإستعباد .. تم هرسك .. [COLOR=Navy]هو انت مابتفهمش إلا بعد كام مرة ؟!! بتتقال كدة " كــ خ ة " هاهاها .. [/COLOR] [/RIGHT] [/LEFT] [/LEFT] [/LEFT] [/SIZE][/FONT][/COLOR][/B][/SIZE][/FONT][/COLOR] [/QUOTE]

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